Chicago — See the Most Extraordinary Art & Architecture in the USA

Iconic American Art Is on View at the Art Institute of Chicago

During stressful times, when one hopes to gain perspective on life’s complexities, the best tonic may be a walk by a lake or through a park, perhaps a boat ride to take in the creativity all around us, or an inspirational visit to a museum. As the poet and mystic Thomas Merton observed, “Art enables us to find ourselves and lose ourselves at the same time.” In the U.S.A., travelers often discuss the vibrant cities on the East Coast or the beautiful destinations on the Pacific. Whatever itinerary you choose, we encourage you to include a few days in Chicago in your travel plans. A visit to the amazing Art Institute of Chicago, famous for French paintings by Gauguin, Toulouse-Lautrec, Renoir (shown above) and many others, is guaranteed to surprise you.

Chicago offers you the most dramatic architectural experience in the United States, and the Art Institute has a fabulous collection of paintings by American women and men. After reading this article, our hope is that you will be able to see yourself on Lake Michigan in Chicago, enjoying a slice of the American experience which cannot be found on either of the Coasts.

The Great Chicago Fire of 1871 Led to a Revolution in Architecture

Following a devastating fire in 1871 and a second blaze in the hot summer of 1874, many architects relocated to Chicago to participate in a great rebuilding, which led to the construction in 1885 of the world’s first skyscraper — the Home Insurance Building — the first tall building to be supported both inside and out by a fireproof structural steel frame.

Another major change that resulted from the two fires was the use of terra cotta as building cladding. In 1878, the Northwestern Terra Cotta Company was established here to mass produce this mixture of clay and sand, baked rock-hard at 2000-degree Fahrenheit temperatures to obtain a fireproof material that could also be molded into ornamental, three-dimensional forms. The construction of steel-framed buildings — a new technology pioneered in Chicago — combined with terra cotta that could be formed into myriad architectural styles led to historic structures such as the Wrigley Building and the neo-Gothic Tribune Tower (finished in 1924 and 1925, respectively) and Chicago became known worldwide as the “Birthplace of Modern Architecture.”

“Eventually, I think Chicago will be the most beautiful great city left in the world.”

Frank Lloyd Wright

Art Lovers TIP: For quicker entry into the Art Institute of Chicago, enter through the north entrance (pictured above, at left) at 159 East Monroe Street. This is the nearest entrance to the Modern Wing and the Modern Café, which offers lighter fare and beverages. In addition, the Member Bar at Terzo Piano is nearest the Monroe entrance/exit, where Museum Members and their guests are offered free coffee and tea, plus excellent city views!

Art Lovers TIP: If you enter/exit the Museum through its main entrance, 111 South Michigan Avenue (above), please plan to visit the unique Thorne Miniature Rooms on the Lower Level.

The Art Institute

With a footprint of nearly 1,000,000 square feet and nearly 300,000 works of art, the Art Institute of Chicago is surpassed in importance and size only by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Founded in 1879, this museum is one of the oldest in the U.S.A. and one of the 15 largest in the world.

After visiting rooms devoted to art from the Americas, including Edward Hopper’s masterpiece entitled “Nighthawks” (above), we suggest you devote most of your time to the collection of European paintings and sculptures. The Art Institute of Chicago’s selection of Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings is arguably the finest in the U.S.A.

European Paintings

Chicago serves as the hub for the United States’ national passenger railroad company, AMTRAK, and has long been the most important interchange point for freight train traffic among the major railroads. The first “L” (elevated) train service began in Chicago in 1892 (three years before construction began on the first practical subway in Boston). Elevated trains did not require much digging, and there were concerns at that time in Chicago that the city’s swampy soil would not tolerate a subway system. Today, Chicago is the only U.S. city that still uses elevated trains (above) in its downtown area. The Willis Tower (pictured below, at right), a 110-story skyscraper, was the world’s tallest building when it opened in 1973, a title that it held for almost 25 years, and its observation deck called “Skydeck” receives more than 1.7 million visitors each year.

Chicago Possesses the Finest Impressionist Art Outside of Paris

The collection of French art assembled by the Art Institute is comparable to New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art, and in our opinion surpasses the excellent displays of Impressionism you will find at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C., and in Philadelphia where the Barnes Foundation owns the most complete — and, in terms of quality, the most uneven — Impressionist collection featuring 181 paintings by Renoir alone.

The Impressionists often found inspiration in pastoral and suburban locations. The current special exhibition at the Art Institute of Chicago explores the “next generation of ambitious artists” — specifically, Vincent van Gogh and four other Post-Impressionists who traveled outside of Paris to villages along the Seine on the northwestern fringes of the French capital in order to spark their creativity.

This exhibition, entitled “Van Gogh and the Avant-Garde: the Modern Landscape,” includes 25 works by Vincent van Gogh, and an additional 50 paintings by Charles Angrand, Emile Bernard, Georges Seurat and Paul Signac (the two leaders of the movements known as Pointillism and Divisionism).

Landscape painting changed substantially during the 1880s, in large part due to the rapid industrialization around major art centers, notably Paris and London. Even though industrial development was adjudged to be unattractive by many, avant-garde artists such as Seurat and Signac flocked to the areas along the Seine River northwest of Paris because they found the changing physical landscape an appealing source for their inventive imaginations. The communes on the banks of the river such as Asnières and Clichy, once popular destinations for recreation, were now home to gas, coal and other manufacturing facilities. The brilliant colors along the Seine — combined with the bridges, factories and restaurants in the nearby villages — enticed this new generation of painters. At the same time, the lure of Impressionism has reached its heights and limits during the period between 1882 to 1890, and younger artists were seeking out fresh areas for experimentation. This thirst for innovation was evidenced in 1886 by Signac’s dramatic turn away from the Impressionist style (pictured above). By 1889, when Emile Bernard turned 21 years of age, Bernard had already abandoned Pointillism, Divisionism and the Cloisonnism he mastered two years earlier for a more hybrid style. Vincent van Gogh followed and absorbed the developments embraced by the avant-garde to break new ground as the father of Expressionism.

The Van Gogh Exhibit Closes in Chicago on September 4, 2023

The Art Institute of Chicago is closed on Tuesdays and Wednesdays. The general public may visit the museum from 11:00 in the morning until 5:00 in the afternoon from Friday through Monday. The Art Institute is open on Thursdays from 11:00 until 8:00 in the evening.

Art Lovers TIP: Membership benefits at the Art Institute include early access to the museum’s galleries from 10:00 until 11:00 on every morning from Thursday through Monday throughout the year, in addition to other privileges.

For more information on the current special exhibition “Van Gogh and the Avant-Garde,” and images illustrating how landscape painting evolved in the area near Asnières along the Seine River between 1882 and 1890, we encourage you to read our article entitled “Excellent Van Gogh Paintings & the Beautiful Colors of Rome.”

Please feel free to share your feelings and opinions on the art and architecture of Chicago with us, and with our readers around the world. We are happy you spent time with us today! Thank you for your visit.

The Image Disappears

An exhibition entitled “Salvador Dalí: The Image Disappears,” the first show devoted to the Catalan/Spanish surrealist by the Art Institute of Chicago, is on display at the museum through June 12, 2023.

Dedication

We dedicate this article on Chicago to Walt Blenner, a lawyer based in St. Petersburg, Florida who represents injured Americans among many others, volunteers as a docent at the Dalí Museum in St. Petersburg and is an avid supporter & lover of the Arts. Walt Blenner is also an alumnus of the University of Chicago.